Sunday, 24 April 2016

Sermon: The Psalms, or How Not to Praise Gd

Sermon. St Michael and All Angels. Little Ilford. 24 April 2016.

Easter 5 (Year C)
Psalm 148.1-6

[BSL-Signing 'Alleluia', until others join in...]

Okay! Enough! There's no need to shout! For any who didn't know, we've just been signing - using British Sign Language to say - 'Alleluia'.

I don't know what you were celebrating in signing 'Alleluia'. There's plenty of choice. The Queen's 90th birthday. Commemorating William Shakespeare. St George – 'our own' national saint (who was of course a Turkish-Syrian-Palestinian). Or indeed, maybe you are engaged in some bittersweet thanksgiving for the life of Prince, or Victoria Wood. Or, if you have Jewish friends, or maybe just a multifaith calendar, you may be marking the second day of Passover, the festival of liberation.

You can of course be doing all of this. But/and/and/but if you want to please your clergy(!), you might also have near the front of your minds that we are still in Eastertide. And 'Alleluias' rightly dominate the whole of Eastertide, the season which begins with the Easter fire and our Easter candle, and which continues up to and including Pentecost. We ban the saying of 'Alleluias' in Lent, the better to enjoy it, now. It's like the return of an old friend.



Hallelu Yah in Hebrew means something like 'Praise Gd'. The Greek and Latin translators of the Bible knew this. But they also thought that there was music and beauty in the very syllables. So they often did not translate the words, but instead 'transliterated' them. This means they reproduced the letters in their own alphabet. (They did this on other occasions too. With 'Hosanna' and 'Amen', for example.) So 'Hallelu Yah' in Hebrew becomes 'Alleluia' in Latin. 'We are an Easter people and Alleluia is our song' said Saint Augustine (and maybe others before him). It makes a joyful noise. And indeed, a joyful shape [signing].

Since it is right that Alleluias dominate Eastertide, let us spend a moment paying attention to... today's Psalm. It begins with 'Alleluia'. But in truth, in the Hebrew, variations on Hallelu Yah occur nine times in today's six verses. We miss this, because apart from the first time, they are actually translated.

But here's the thing. The whole Book of Psalms is called in Hebrew 'Tehillim', which comes from the same root (h-l-l). So it means 'Praises'. 'Psalms' in Hebrew are 'Praises'. Now, if you've read more than a handful of psalms, you may find this strange. For there is a lot more to the collection of psalms than just praises:
there is quiet reflection,
story,
and lament;
there is even rage,
despair,
and worse.
It's often said that all human life is there, unadorned and unashamed,
and that's right.
How, then, can it be that it they all count as praise?

Well, a related question is: is the Book of Psalms a 'book' anyway? I mean: is it a more-or-less random collection of different song-texts? It brings together the worshippers 'old favourites' perhaps, but arranges them without any pattern? Or... might it be that the book-as-a-whole tells a story?

We are probably used to thinking it's the former. Certainly, when we use the psalms in our worship here, we tend to choose - or have chosen for us - the ones which fit our theme(s), rather than work through all 150 in order. But it was and is not always so. If you use the Book of Common Prayer for daily prayer, you will begin Morning Prayer each month with Psalms 1-4, and end Evening Prayer on the last day of the month with Psalms 147-150. You do, precisely, 'work your way through'.

This might not be as silly as it may sound. Some scholars do say that there is meaning in the ordering of the psalms. The argument goes something like this. Psalm 1, the headline-psalm, is very confident. It is confident to the point of smugness. 
'Happy are those who do not follow the advice of the wicked... but their delight is in the [guidance] of [GOD]... They are like trees planted by streams of water... In all that they do, they prosper. [Not so] the wicked..'. 
The speaker knows what's what; knows he is not like the wicked; he flourishes. But! But then already in the next psalm, comes bewilderment [Ps 2.1-2]
'Why do the nations conspire... against the LORD and his anointed...?' 
And by Psalm 3 [verse 2] we have: 
'many are saying to me, "There is no help for you in God."
You see? The question is very soon pressing and painful: why do bad things happen to good people? And the argument that the rest of the Book of Psalms is a meditation – a very raw meditation - on that most difficult of questions.

Today we might say the Book is a 'psychodrama'. The initially (self-)satisfied psalmist has to wrestle with the fact that life is difficult, has detours, goes wrong; and that faith and righteousness do not guarantee success. Faith and righteousness do not even guarantee 'spiritual goods'. The psalmist, though fundamentally faithful to Gd, knows not only poverty and grief, but even the spiritual agony: Remember Psalm 22 [verse 1]
'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?'

And yet! And yet! The 'drama' ends in praise: Alleluias dominate not just today's psalm, Psalm 148, but the closing psalms, Psalms 146-150. How? Why? It is as if the psalmist comes to know in his bones that praise of Gd does not depend on having good luck, and is not shut up by rotten luck. Praise of Gd is quite simply what we are made for. And if life throws dirt at us, so that praise of Gd is hard for us, then we can resist. We are free to resist. We fight back. We say, as it were, nevertheless, I will praise!

This sort of praise of Gd does not come naturally to many of us, maybe not to any of us. But the message of Easter is that the risen Christ comes to us, not so much to teach us anything about life-after-death as to restore the image of Gd in us. And part of that at least means we can learn to praise Gd, can indeed say 
our own 
utterly personal, 
utterly authentic, 
utterly beautiful 
Alleluia
Let us try it [signing]. Let us not stop trying it. Amen.



[For more insight into this reading of the Book of Psalms, see especially the scholarship of Walter Brueggemann.]



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